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(2007) Luca Morena,
Word or Object? A Study of Disagreement in Ontology, Milano, Edizioni AlboVersorio, pp. 119
[ISBN: 9788889130308]
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Disputes in ontology often look so persistent and intractable that one may wonder whether they have any significance at all. Logical positivists, for instance, famously argued that the seemingly interminable metaphysical controversies are just cognitive meaningless. Nowadays, however, ontology and metaphysics are widely held as completely legitimate and meaningful philosophical endeavors. Yet, some of the arguments that philosophers put forward at the beginning of the 20th century to undermine ontological disputes are now re-appraised under a somewhat different light. The reason for this, as it is argued at length in this essay, is that questions about the structure and nature of ontological disagreement offer a privileged perspective for investigating the much-debated and multifaceted relationship between semantics and ontology.
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Indice
Acknowledgements, p. 9
PRELIMINARIES, p. 11
1. Counting Things, p. 11
2. The Linguistic Re-Turn?, p. 13
3. My Plan, p. 14
PART 1 - THE STRUCTURE OF ONTOLOGICAL DISAGREEMENT, p. 17
1. Pictures of Interpretation. 1.1 Introduction, p. 19 - 1.2 Incompleteness, p. 20 - 1.2.1 A Matter of Interpretation, p. 22 - 1.3 Believers and Disbelievers, p. 24 - 1.3.1. Questioning Logical Form, p. 26 - 1.3.1.1 Paraphrases, p. 27 - 1.3.1.2 Hard Cases, p. 29 - 1.3.2 Deflating Ontological Responsibility, p. 30 - 1.3.2.1 Quantificational Ambiguity, p. 31 - 1.3.2.2 Fictionalism, p. 32 - 1.3.2.3 Weaseling, p. 33
2. Expressing Ontological Disagreement. 2.1 Introduction, p. 35 - 2.2 A Problem of Expressibility, p. 36 - 2.3 Denying Existence, p. 37 - 2.4 A Semantic Guideline, p. 39 - 2.5 Dissolving the Predicament, p. 42 - 2.6 From Ontological to Semantic Disagreement, p. 44 - 2.7 A Dilemma for the “Clearists”, p. 46 - 2.8 A Deflationist View of Ontological Disagreement, p. 48
3. Being Extroverted, Being Introverted. 3.1 The Semantic Ascent Question, p. 52 - 3.1.1 Carnap and Quine on Semantic Ascent and Ontology, p. 53 - 3.2 Extroversion and Introversion, p. 57 - 3.2.1 A Framework for Ontological Disagreement, p. 57 - 3.2.2 Introverted Debate, p. 59
PART 2 - THE NATURE OF ONTOLOGICAL DISAGREEMENT, p. 63
4. Hermeneutic Nonliteralism vs. Hermeneutic Literalism. 4.1 Hermeneutic Nonliteralism, p. 65 - 4.1.1 Nonliteralism as Figuralism, p. 65 - 4.1.2 Being Inexplicit, p. 68 - 4.1.2.1 Nonliteralism as Indifferentism, p. 70 - 4.1.2.2 Underdetermination Across The Board, p. 71 - 4.2 Hermeneutic Literalism, p. 73 - 4.2.1 The “Default” Interpretation, p. 73 - 4.2.2 Referential “Magnetism”, p. 75
5. Verbal and Contextual Disagreements. 5.1 Hirsch’s Theory of Quantifier Variance, p. 78 - 5.1.1 Background: Ontological Questions about Material Objects, p. 79 - 5.1.1.1 The Composition Question, p. 79 - 5.1.1.2 The Persistence Question, p. 83 - 5.1.2 Explaining Intractability Away, p. 85 - 5.1.3 On Verbal Disputes, p. 87 - 5.1.4 Quantifier Variance and Alternative Languages, p. 90 - 5.1.5 Impossible Reconciliations, p. 93 - 5.1.6 Other Strategies for Reconciliation, p. 95 - 5.1.7 Quantifier Variance vs. Conceptual Relativism, p. 97 - 5.2 Concluding Speculations: Contextual or Genuine Disagreements?, p. 99
Notes, p. 105
References, p. 115
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